DOI: https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.2025.60846

N/S-doped carbon electrode derived from paper waste as a sustainable electric double-layer capacitor

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan, 57126, Surakarta, Indonesia

2Research Group of Solid State Chemistry & Catalysis, Chemistry Department, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan, 57126, Surakarta, Indonesia

3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16425, Indonesia

Received: 16 Nov 2024; Revised: 15 Jan 2025; Accepted: 26 Feb 2025; Available online: 5 Mar 2025; Published: 1 May 2025.
Editor(s): H Hadiyanto
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

This research aims to produce N/S-doped Carbon Electrode derived from paper waste (NSCEp) for Electric Double-Layer Capacitor (EDLC). The paper waste holds potential as raw material for carbon production because of its high cellulose content, abundance of availability, and low price. To enhance the electrical performance of the carbon, an activation step was conducted, followed by double doping with nitrogen and sulfur using thiourea. The NSCEp result was analysed to examine its specific diffraction peaks, crystallinity, morphology, and elemental contents. The NSCEp powder was then mixed with dispersant to produce a homogeneous slurry for the electrode film. The EDLC was assembled in a sandwich-like structure, with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution impregnated in a separator between the carbon film electrodes. The EDLC assembly was conducted under an argon atmosphere in a CR2032 coin cell. The results found that the NSCEp provides a high electrical conductivity of 1.21 x 102 S/cm. The prepared EDLC achieved the specific capacitance value of 39.555 F/g as determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis. Furthermore, the EDLC demonstrates high initial charge-discharge capacities of 300.56 mAh/g and 248.88 mAh/g, respectively, at a current of 0.015 A/g. The capacity remains stable for up to 300 charge-discharge cycles.

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Keywords: Paper Waste; Activated Carbon; Electrode; Capacitor; Biomass
Funding: Universitas Sebelas Maret under contract HRG 194.2/UN27.22/PT.01.02/2024; the Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and Technology through the Student Creativity Program 2023

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Section: Original Research Article
Language : EN
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