DOI: https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.2026.61972
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Nickel-vanadium impregnated to hydrotalcite for hydrocracking of waste cooking oil

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Jambi, Jambi, 36361, Indonesia

2Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of Jakarta, East Jakarta, 13220,, Indonesia

3Department of Chemistry, Jambi State Senior High School 3, Jambi, 36124, Indonesia

4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sunan Bonang University, Tuban, 62314, Indonesia

5 Research Center for Minerals Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN-Indonesia), Lampung Selatan, 35361, Indonesia

6 Research Center for Catalysis, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia

7 Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia

8 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, East Java, 60294, Indonesia

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Received: 11 Nov 2025; Revised: 18 Jan 2026; Accepted: 10 Feb 2026; Available online: 21 Feb 2026; Published: 1 May 2026.
Editor(s): Editor Office
Open Access Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Hydrotalcite (HT) is a type of clay mineral belonging to the group of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) or anionic clays, which has a layered structure like brucite (Mg(OH)₂), but some of the divalent cations (such as Mg²⁺) are replaced by trivalent cations (such as Al³⁺). HT as a heterogeneous catalyst is particularly attractive because it is easy to separate and resistant to high temperatures. HT as a catalyst can be used in hydrocracking reaction to produce biofuel. Metal impregnation on HT is very promising to enhance catalytic activity especially with the bifunctional mechanism of catalyst. Ni-V metal impregnation has been successfully carried out on HTc using wet impregnation method which is indicated by the results of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) which shows the emergence of typical peaks of both metals and HTc in 2θ = 35‒70⁰ for HTc, 2θ = 37.22⁰ (NiO) and 37.35⁰ (V2O5) regions, 2θ = 43.58⁰ for NiO, 2θ = 61.26⁰ (V) and 63.07⁰ (Ini). Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) show a shape that is consistent with the characteristics of HT, namely the shape of the particles layered overlapping each other. In addition, the particle size of HTc is quite small with a scale of 1 μm indicating a particle size of hundreds of nanometers. EDX mapping shows that Ni and V have been dispersed evenly on the HTc surface. Based on the results of N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, it shows that mesopores are formed which are characterized by hysteresis loops. Ni-V metal impregnation increases the surface area up to 19.915 m2/g and the pore diameter up to 37,642 nm. The results of the Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) hydrocraking reaction show that Ni-V metal impregnation can reduce the carboxylic acid composition up to 67.81% and increase hydrocarbons up to 15% at 10% Ni-V/HTc 1:2.

 

Keywords: Hydrotalcite (HTc); Bifunctional catalyst; Waste Cooking Oil (WCO); Hydrocracking; Biofuel

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Section: Int Conf. of Chemical and Material Engineering 2025
Language : EN
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