DOI: https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.2025.60897

Impact of crosslinking on quaternary ammonium poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyquaternium-7 anion exchange membranes for alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

2Membrane Research Center, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

4 Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Austria

5 Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Indonesia

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Received: 27 Nov 2024; Revised: 6 Apr 2025; Accepted: 8 May 2025; Available online: 20 May 2025; Published: 1 Jul 2025.
Editor(s): H Hadiyanto
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract
Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (APEFCs) have emerged as a promising candidate for clean energy production. Anion exchange membrane (AEM) is an essential element of alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells for its role in facilitating hydroxide ion conduction. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of a glutaraldehyde-based crosslinker solution on the performance of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) fabricated using quaternary ammonium poly (vinyl alcohol) (QPVA) as the backbone polymer and polyquaternium-7 as the second polymer. The introduction of a glutaraldehyde-based crosslinking agent was purposed to enhance membrane stability and reduce excessive swelling. The study evaluates the impact of varying glutaraldehyde concentrations on membrane performance. FTIR analysis confirms the presence of key functional groups of QPVA, polyquaternium-7, and the crosslinking agent. SEM images reveal that the membranes demonstrate dense and homogeneous physical structure. The results show that water uptake, swelling degree, ion exchange capacity (IEC), and hydroxide conductivity are influenced by the concentration of the glutaraldehyde solution. The QP-GA-13 AEM exhibited the best overall performance, achieving the highest tensile strength of 31.1 MPa and the highest hydroxide ion conductivity of 4.15 mS cm⁻¹ at 70°C. In single-cell tests, this membrane delivered a maximum power density of 85 mW cm⁻² and a current density of 350 mA cm⁻² at 80°C under humidified oxygen conditions.
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Keywords: poly (vinyl alcohol); polyquaternium-7; glutaraldehyde; fuel cell; anion exchange membranes
Funding: Universitas Diponegoro

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Section: Original Research Article
Language : EN
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