DOI: https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.2025.61186

Parametric and characteristic evaluation of microwave-assisted pyrolysis for the generation of biochar from Dodonaea viscosa branches

1Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tikrit, Iraq

2Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq

Received: 8 Mar 2025; Revised: 17 May 2025; Accepted: 31 May 2025; Available online: 14 Jun 2025; Published: 1 Jul 2025.
Editor(s): H Hadiyanto
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract
This investigation focused on assessing the feasibility of biochar production through microwave pyrolysis of Dodonaea viscosa branches. It considered the role of various important parameters, such as the power levels, biomass particle sizes, and the duration of pyrolysis, on both the yield and the quality of the obtained biochar. The assessment was conducted within a 25-minute pyrolysis time frame. The study also looked at how the yield of biochar changed over time. The results showed that the maximum biochar yield was obtained under conditions where the biomass particles were large (2–2.5 mm) and the power levels low (130 W). However, the yield was reduced when the biomass particles (0.5–1 mm) under higher power (650 W) were used. It was found that the yield of particles 2–2.5 mm dropped from 82% for 5 minutes at 130 W to 49.8% for 25 minutes. Further research has examined the dynamics of power variation on biochar characteristics. Several types of analysis were used to find out the surface area and pore volume. These included energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The EDX analysis showed an increment in carbon to 89.7%, accompanied by a decrease in oxygen percentage to 4.9% under higher power. The SEM scan showed a tremendous improvement in pore formation corresponding to higher power. The XRD test showed that biochar went from being crystalline to being amorphous when compared to the native Dodonaea viscosa branch. At 520 W for 25 minutes, the surface area increased from 3.034 m²/g to 21.634 m²/g, while the pore diameter increased from 2.653 nm to 13.215 nm, showing an improvement in pore density. The results realized that the biochar obtained from microwave pyrolysis of Dodonaea viscosa branches has certain characteristics that make it useful for several purposes, like electricity production, water and gas treatment, soil improvement, and carbon dioxide gas reduction.
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Keywords: biomass; Dedonea branch; microwave-assistant pyrolysis; biochar; characterization

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Section: Original Research Article
Language : EN
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