DOI: https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.2025.61234

Enhancing Bio-Char Calorific Value through Catalytic Pyrolysis: The Role of Magnesium Oxide-Zeolite Based Catalysts

1Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE, 1410, Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam

2School of Business, Presidency University, House no. 11/A, Road no. 92, Gulshan 2, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh

3Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gd. 452 B.J Habibie Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia 15314., Indonesia

4 3Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gd. 452 B.J Habibie Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia 15314, Indonesia

5 Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam

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Received: 19 Mar 2025; Published: 30 Oct 2025.
Editor(s): H Hadiyanto
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Abstract. Investigation into biomass catalytic pyrolysis has escalated in the quest for sustainable energy sources. Catalytic pyrolysis provides a method to transform plentiful and renewable biomass into useful biofuels and bio-char, enhancing energy security and diminishing reliance on fossil fuels. The utilization of suitable catalysts in biomass catalytic pyrolysis is essential for improving the yield of bio-char with elevated calorific value. This study examines the influence of magnesium oxide-zeolite catalysts on the higher heating values (HHVs) of bio-char produced from coconut shells. The preliminary results demonstrate a significant increase in the calorific value of bio-char. The HHV rose from 11.51 MJ/kg for untreated coconut shells to 19.58 MJ/kg with bio-char using ZSM-5, and significantly to 27.54 MJ/kg with the MgO/ZSM-5 catalyst. The studies indicate that magnesium oxide substantially enhances the energy content of bio-char. This study seeks to assess the impact of several combinations of magnesium oxide, including MgO/ZSM-5, MgO/Y2O3/ZSM-5, and MgO/Mn3O4/ZSM-5, on the pyrolysis process. The aim of this research is to optimize the production of bio-char with elevated higher heating values (HHVs) at various temperatures. The expected results will provide substantial insights into the development of efficient catalytic systems for bio-char production, hence aiding sustainable energy solutions.

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Keywords: Pyrolysis; biomass; low-cost catalyts; Magnesium Oxide-Zeolite Based Catalysts; Bio-char

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