DOI: https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.2025.61136

Modeling and optimization of hybrid hydro-solar-wind systems for green hydrogen production in Togo

1Laboratory of Solar Energy, University of Lomé, Togo

2Atakpamé Higher Normal School, Togo

3Centre d'Excellence Régional pour la Maîtrise de l'Électricité (CERME), University of Lomé, Togo

4 Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, National Institute of Water, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin

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Received: 6 Feb 2025; Revised: 10 Apr 2025; Accepted: 13 May 2025; Available online: 25 Jun 2025; Published: 1 Jul 2025.
Editor(s): H Hadiyanto
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

This study examines the feasibility and optimization of hybrid hydro-solar-wind-hydrogen energy systems in Togo, focusing on seasonal variations and energy management. Data on solar radiation, wind speed, and hydropower were obtained from meteorological stations, satellite databases, and the Nangbéto station. The results of this study show that the energy management system at the Nangbéto dam could rely on hydrogen storage and a 2.75 MW fuel cell to balance seasonal fluctuations, while a ±3 MW battery would stabilize power output. During periods of high hydropower production, surplus energy could be converted into hydrogen to ensure a continuous supply during low-flow months. The flow fluctuates seasonally, ranging from 1.5–20 m³/s in dry months to over 120 m³/s in the wet season, affecting hydrogen production (5–25 kg/day). Electrolysis efficiency remains stable (65–85%) due to optimized management. The hydro-solar-wind hybrid system converts up to 20% of hydropower into hydrogen, with peak production in August (~1,700 kg/month). Selected sites over Togo, particularly Blitta and Alédjo, show potential for hydrogen infrastructure, with Blitta yielding the most hydrogen (532.15 kg annually) and Lomé the least (482.72 kg) due to differences in solar irradiance. The study highlights the role of energy storage, hybrid integration, and policy support to enhance Togo’s hydrogen production and long-term energy stability.

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Keywords: Hydro-solar-wind integration; green hydrogen; Renewable energy; sustainability; Togo
Funding: 01BP 1515 Lomé1 – TOGO / Tél : +228 90 17 47 63 / cerme_ul@univ-lome.tg / www.cerme-togo.org

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Section: Original Research Article
Language : EN
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